Needham Family

subglobal1 link | subglobal1 link | subglobal1 link | subglobal1 link | subglobal1 link | subglobal1 link | subglobal1 link
subglobal2 link | subglobal2 link | subglobal2 link | subglobal2 link | subglobal2 link | subglobal2 link | subglobal2 link
subglobal3 link | subglobal3 link | subglobal3 link | subglobal3 link | subglobal3 link | subglobal3 link | subglobal3 link
subglobal4 link | subglobal4 link | subglobal4 link | subglobal4 link | subglobal4 link | subglobal4 link | subglobal4 link
subglobal5 link | subglobal5 link | subglobal5 link | subglobal5 link | subglobal5 link | subglobal5 link | subglobal5 link
subglobal6 link | subglobal6 link | subglobal6 link | subglobal6 link | subglobal6 link | subglobal6 link | subglobal6 link
subglobal7 link | subglobal7 link | subglobal7 link | subglobal7 link | subglobal7 link | subglobal7 link | subglobal7 link
subglobal8 link | subglobal8 link | subglobal8 link | subglobal8 link | subglobal8 link | subglobal8 link | subglobal8 link

Records-Tax

Tax

The Needham's usually paid their taxes fortunately. Details will be given here. Unlike you the tax man is not patient

Tax Records

Taxation records make up a significant proportion of financial papers in many archive offices. Rates and taxes have been levied by central government, local government and the church since the early medieval period.

This page gives a brief overview of the principal types of taxation record found in archive offices.

 

Medieval and early modern taxation

Medieval taxation was centrally organised. The National Archives holds the original records of subsidies and other taxes. Many local record societies have transcribed and published the records relating to their county.

The Poll Tax/Lay Subsidy was an alternative method of raising money by central government from medieval times. It was levied at various times between about 1290 and 1872.

Lay Subsidy/Poll Tax payments

Tithes

Tithes (or 'tenths') were originally a payment in kind of a proportion of the produce of the land, for example, corn, hay or sheep. Tithes were given by owners or occupiers of titheable land to the clergy, who could sue in the ecclesiastical courts for non-payment. Many cause papers from the Archdeaconry of Nottingham court refer to tithe disputes. (See series AN/LB in the Manuscripts Online Catalogue).

Over time, many tithes were 'commuted' (converted) to money payments. 'Easter dues' were commonly paid in cash to the vicar. The process of commutation was completed following the Tithe Act of 1836. Tithe Commissioners drew up detailed plans of all parishes where tithes were still paid. Tithe Awards set out the decisions of the Commissioners. Tithe Apportionments listed the names of the owners and occupiers of each plot of titheable land, and recorded the new tithe rent charges now payable to the clergy. The Tithe Maps and Apportionments are of crucial importance to local historians. Copies can be found at The National Archives and at local or county record offices. Tithe rent charges themselves were abolished following the Tithe Act of 1936.

 

Other ecclesiastical dues

Parishioners were regularly asked to contribute to church rates, 'cessments', assessments, lays or levies, imposed on householders to pay for repairs to the parish church. They were also supposed to contribute towards the 'poor man's box', to the provision of communion bread and wine, and to other church levies. Householders were also liable to contribute a share of the wages paid to the parish clerk.

Churchwardens' accounts were kept as a record of receipts and payments relating to the parish church. Most churchwardens' accounts survive in the parish records, usually deposited at the local or county record office. Copies may have strayed into the collections of the major landowner in the parish, or the personal collections of anyone involved with the church and its finances.

 

Hearth Tax

The Hearth Tax was levied between 1662 and 1689. The Hearth Tax Assessments provide the names of householders in each parish, together with a note of how many hearths there were in their house. This helps to give a good idea of the relative wealth of the inhabitants of the parish.

Most Hearth Tax records are held at The National Archives, but many of the assessments have been published by local history societies.

  • For Nottinghamshire, see W F Webster (ed.) Nottinghamshire hearth tax, 1664-1674 (Thoroton Society Record Series, 37, 1988).
  • For Derbyshire, see D G Edwards (ed.) Derbyshire Hearth Tax Assessments 1662-70 (Derbyshire Record Society, 8, 1982).
  • For South Yorkshire , see The Hearth Tax Returns for South Yorkshire Lady day 1672 ed David Hey Sheffield & District Family History Society
  • For West Yorkshire , see ' Yorkshire West Riding Hearth Tax Assessment; Lady Day 1672' David Hey, C. Giles, M.Spufford & A Wareham ( BRS Hearth Tax Series V, 2007)

There are 51 Needham's assessed in Derbyshire, 15 in Nottinghamshire and only 6 in South and West Yorkshire . In Derbyshire the greatest number of Needhams (12) are in the Parish of Hartington. For details of who paid the tax click on the links below:

Derbyshire Hearth Tax 1662 -1670

Nottinghamshire Hearth Tax

South & West Yorkshire Hearth Tax

Leicestershire & Rutland Hearth Tax

Land Tax

The Land Tax was levied between 1692 and 1963. It was originally a tax on real estate and personal property, but from the 1730s was levied mainly on land. It was based on rental assessments made in 1692. The tax was collected locally but spent by the central government.

Land Tax assessments for individual parishes generally provide the name of the landowner, the name of the occupier (after 1772), and the amount of the assessment. The most comprehensive series of Land Tax assessments survive between 1780 and 1832 and are found in Quarter Sessions records held at local or county record offices. This is because the assessments were used as a method of determining eligibility to vote.

In 1798 it became possible for landowners to exempt their property from the Land Tax by voluntary redemption, on payment of a sum of money. References to the Land Tax, certificates of contracts for the redemption of Land Tax, and receipts for Land Tax payments are sometimes found in family and estate collections.

 

House and Window Tax

House Tax and Window Tax were first levied in 1696. House Tax was a flat rate payable by the occupiers of all inhabited houses which were also assessed for church and poor rates. It was repealed in 1834. Window Tax was levied in a series of bands depending on how many eligible windows the house had. When the tax was introduced, houses with less than ten windows were exempted. The exact rules concerning eligibility varied over time. Window Tax was repealed in 1851.

From 1784 onwards, House Tax and Window Tax were assessed on the same tax form as various other small taxes on servants, hair powder, horses, carriages and other commodities. They were together known as 'assessed taxes'.

References to these taxes are sometimes found in family and estate collections. The assessments themselves do not survive in large numbers. Most are held in local or county record offices. See Jeremy Gibson, Mervyn Medlycott and Dennis Mills, Land and Window Tax Assessments, 1690-1950 (2nd edn, 1998; updated 2nd edn, 2004) for more details.

 

Poor and General Rates

The Poor Law Acts of 1597 and 1601 made it compulsory for parishes to levy poor rates on householders, in order to raise money to help the poor. The rates were collected by the Overseer of the Poor. Other parish officials, such as the Surveyors of Highways and the Constables, also began to levy rates for other administrative purposes. Records of these local assessments usually survive in the parish records, although some remained in private hands and became part of family and estate collections. The Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 moved the responsibility for collecting poor rates to the new Poor Law Unions.

General Rates were levied by local authorities such as parish councils, borough councils and county councils. Records should survive in local or county record offices. The rates were replaced by the Community Charge (or 'Poll Tax') and subsequently the Council Tax, in the 1990s.

Source

https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/researchguidance/accounting/taxrecords.aspx

.

 

 

 

 

 

|Trees | News | Records | Origins | Distribution | Famous | Residence | Archives | Privacy| Contact | ©2015 Nigel Needham